Citrine is the yellow or golden yellow variety of quartz. The yellow coloration, due to the presence of iron, is also responsible for the name, derived from the word “citrus”. Natural citrine is usually a pale yellow, but rare; most citrine on the market is heat-treated amethyst.
Gem-quality citrine is extremely rare. The best material is found in Brazil, Spain, Madagascar, and the former USSR.
Citrine has been used to imitate topaz and was once called Brazilian topaz.
Trace of Iron (Fe3+)
Silica (Silicon Dioxide) SiO2
Trigonal System
Facetted cuts, cabochon, carvings, beads, etc.
Liquid and two phase, color zoning, negative crystals, zebra-stripe finger prints (structural), crystal inclusions, green fuchsite mica flakes / platelets in aventurine quartz, rutile / tourmaline needles in sagenitic quartz. Brazil law twinning is seen in natural quartz.
Anisotropic, D.R.; Uniaxial positive. May exhibit a bull’s eye optic figure (quartz rotates the plane of polarisation parallel to the c-axis).
1.544 – 1.553 / 0.009. Range: 1.535 – 1.560
Scapolite (optic figure/sign, U.V. fluorescence, inclusions, doubling), synthetic citrine (inclusions, infra red spectroscopy), beryl (optic figure/sign, inclusions, R.I.), topaz (optic figure, R.I., S.G.)
Brazil, India, South Africa, Namibia, Madagascar, Zambia, Sri Lanka.
Not characteristic.
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Gemstones are minerals or rocks that are present
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